La colonisation de la polynésie et de l'océanie

  The colonization of Polynesia

*Australian colonization

 Before Europeans, Australia had a population of around 50,000 Aborigines arrived from Asia. British colonization of New South Wales began with the founding of a prison camp of 1030 prisonners in Sydney by Captain Arthur Phillip on January 26^th, 1788.

The early days were marked by a high mortality rate among the new settlers. These early years were called " years of famine", inspired mainly by the lack of capacity in breeding, poor quality tools and small amounts of food available. From 1788 to 1868, Britain sent 160,000 prisoners to different prisons in Australia.

Captain Arthur Phillip had the mission to establish relationship with Aborigines and live in friendship and kindness with them but European diseases, alcohol and colonial expansion soon led to a devastating result in the Aboriginal population.

*Captain Arthur Phillip

Captain Arthur Phillip was born October 11, 1738 and died August 31, 1814 , he was a naval officer and a British colonial administrator. He was the first governor of New South Wales. Arthur Phillip was born in Fulham , England. He was the son of Jacob Phillip , a language teacher of German origin and his English wife. Phillip was educated at the school in Greenwich Hospital and at the age of 13, became an apprentice in the merchant navy.

*James Cook

James Cook was a British explorer, born on November 7, 1728 at Marton in Britain and died on February 14, 1779 in Hawaii. James Cook came from a relatively poor family, son of James Cook, a farmer from Scotland. The employer of his father financed his education at the primary school. At the age of 13, he began working with his father in the management of the farm.

According to the legend, Cook first felt the call of the sea looking out the window of the store he was working in. After a year and a half, William Sanderson, the owner of the company, decreed that Cook was not made for trade and took him to the port of Whitby where he introduced him to John and Henry Walker, Quakers making trade of coal and owning several ships. Cook was hired as an apprentice merchant in the navy fleet. He spent the following years tramping between the Tyne and London. Meanwhile, he studied algebra, trigonometry, navigation and astronomy. During the Seven Years' War, James Cook participated in the siege of Quebec City before the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759, then he showed a talent for surveying and mapping, and mapping the most of the mouth of the St. Lawrence River during the siege, allowing General James Wolfe to launch his decisive attack on the Plains of Abraham. The following year, he established the charts of the coast of Newfoundland and the Northwest Passage (1763 - 1764), the south coast between the Burin Peninsula and Cape Ray (1765 - 1764) and the West Coast in 1767, he established the first accurate large-scale maps of the island coast.

                                 

* Tahiti and French Polynesia

 Tahiti is an island in French Polynesia located in southern Pacifique.Cette high and mountainous island ocean of volcanic origin , is surrounded by a coral reef. The island is composed of two parts - Tahiti Nui, the most important, and Tahiti Iti also called the peninsula , connected by the isthmus of Taravao .

With 1,042 km2 and 183 645 in habitants in 2012 , Tahiti is both the largest and most populated island in French Polynesia. The city of Papeete , located on the northwest coast of the island, is the capital of French Polynesia and home to all political institutions . Tourism contributes significantly to the economy of the island , especially as Tahiti is home to the only international airport in French Polynesia , giving it the status of gateway to the territory.

The history of Tahiti was marked first by the settlement of the island by Polynesian navigators, Austronesian , and by the discovery of the island by European explorers . Trade with Europeans allowed a Tahitian family, Pomare , to impose their authority over the whole island . From the late eighteenth century , the island was colonized by English Protestant missionaries , and became a French protectorate in the mid-nineteenth century. The island then became a colony , a member of the French Establishments in Oceania before being attached to a set of islands called French Polynesia ,

*An important character, Oscar Temaru

Is a French Polynesia politician he was born on November 1, 1944

It is in the town of Faa'a in French polynesia, He is the leader of the camp. He was president of French Polynesia five times in seven years.

He is chairman of the Assembly

It is also mayor of Faa'a, most populated municipalities Polynesian region of Papeete, since 1983.

Born in a modest family in Faa'a Catholic, a Tahitian father and a mother native to Atiu. He was educated 

After introducing himself in March 1977 municipal elections Faa'a, he loses elections, he decided to create his own political party to defend his own ideas. Thus, April 20, 1977, the Front for the Liberation of Polynesia is created. This party is above all independence.